Physiognomy

Physiognomy is the notion that a person's face reflects his or her character. The idea was put forth by Johann Caspar Lavater in the 1700s, who gathered together all the previous writings on physiognomy.

In 1831 a young Charles Darwin had the interview of his life with Captain Robert FitzRoy, concerning his post as naturalist on the H.M.S. Beagle. Darwin almost didn't make it because FitzRoy, as a physiognomist, thought Darwin's nose had a shape associated with lack of energy and determination. Which is why the theory of physiognomy should have died right there.

But apparently it's making some sort of comeback, while still getting disproved.